Effectiveness of various diet patterns among patients with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: The main aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the dietary patterns studied in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS), including anti-inflammatory, Mediterranean diet (MD), Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND), intermittent fasting (IF), gluten-free and ketogenic diets. In addition, another aim was to verify or otherwise the efficacy of other alternative dietary models, which include the Paleo diet, the Wahls diet, the McDougall diet and the Swank diet. Whether and to what extent the use of different dietary regimens can affect the course and reduction of individual MS symptoms was also examined. The advantages and disadvantages of selected diets and dietary patterns in the context of MS are discussed. Views: Autoimmune diseases are estimated to affect more than 3% of the world's people, the majority of whom are of working age. Therefore, delaying the first manifestation of the disease, reducing the number of relapses and alleviating symptoms are particularly welcome developments. In addition to finding effective pharmacotherapy, high hopes for patients lie in nutritional prevention and diet therapy. For years the medical literature has discussed supporting the treatment of diseases caused by an impairment of the body's immune system with the help of nutrition. Conclusions: An appropriate and balanced diet can be extremely helpful in improving the condition and well-being of patients with MS, and effectively support drug therapy.

Nutritional Issues Faced by Patients with Intestinal Stoma: A Narrative Review.

The incidences of colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases are increasing in the developed countries of Western Europe and North America, and consequently, the prevalence rate of temporary or permanent stomas has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, the amount of research in the nutrition field in the case of patients with stoma is rather limited. This review article aims to assess the impact of nutrition on an intestinal stoma and possible sequelae resolved with nutritional therapy. The research analyses conducted thus far indicate a significantly increased risk of developing malnutrition, vitamin deficiency (especially group B), and an increased number of discharges from the stoma and its relevance with abnormalities found in electrolyte concentrations.

The Mediterranean Diet and the Western Diet in Adolescent Depression-Current Reports.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the world and a current and growing social and health problem. The growing scale of the problem not only concerns adults, but now it particularly affects children and adolescents. Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders in adolescence is crucial because adolescent depression is a risk factor for recurrence of depression later in life, as well as many other mental health disorders in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to analyze data on the dietary patterns and composition of the Mediterranean diet as a modifiable risk factor for depression, which would be a viable prevention strategy and a good target for early intervention and supportive treatment of depression. Research shows that the Mediterranean diet pattern can reduce the risk and symptoms of depression, while western eating styles can increase the risk and severity of depression in adolescents. The number of studies in adolescent populations continues to increase, but most longitudinal and clinical studies are still insufficient. Modification of the diet can be a helpful strategy for the prevention and treatment of depression in adolescents; therefore, the diet of young people should be considered a key and modifiable goal in the prevention of mental disorders.

Nutritional Programming: History, Hypotheses, and the Role of Prenatal Factors in the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases-A Narrative Review.

Childhood obesity and the numerous lifestyle diseases associated with it are undoubtedly among the key problems in modern medicine and public health. However, this problem concerns not only the present or immediate future, but also the longer term. Adult health is fundamentally shaped in the first years of life and in the fetal period. The preconceptual period, which is responsible for the proper preparation of the internal environment for the life and development of the fetus during pregnancy, is also significant. A special role in describing the phenomenon of conditioning the metabolism of the new human being is now attributed to the theory of nutritional programming. Research in this area was pioneered by David Barker, who put forward the theory of the "stunted phenotype" and described the relationship between a child's birth weight, which is largely a consequence of the mother's feeding behaviour, and diseases such as ischaemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, or high blood pressure. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the history, theory, and prenatal mechanisms involved in nutritional programming and its relationship to childhood obesity and other metabolic diseases.

Macronutrients, vitamins and minerals in the diet of multiple sclerosis patients.

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which multifocal damage to the brain and spinal cord occurs. The etiology of MS remains unclear but it is often recognized by researchers as a multifactorial disease that involves autoimmune and genetic predisposition combined with environmental influences (e.g., low vitamin D levels, smoking, obesity). An adequate and balanced diet can be extremely helpful in improving the condition of MS patients, effectively supporting pharmacological therapy. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether, and if so, to what extent, the intake of macronutrients, vitamins, and microelements may affect the course of MS. Views: The review presents data from studies published between 2017 and 2022. Conclusions: There are numerous studies on the role of specific dietary components in the treatment of MS, but the results are still limited. More work is needed to define the tools required for the assessment of patients' eating habits because dietary factors can affect the functioning and quality of life of MS patients and should therefore be evaluated to assist in comprehensive treatment and recovery.